Toulmin Method

 

The Toulmin Method is a model of debate divided into six main components:

1. Claim: The central assertion or propisition 
2. Data: The evidence that supports the claim
3. Warrant: The assumption that connects the data, explaining why it is relevant
4. Backing: Additional evidence that provides context to the claim
5. Qualifier: Indication of degree of certainty of claim
6. Rebuttal: Addresses counterarguments

Using the Toulmin Method, let's apply it to the vaccine debate as an example:

Claim: Vaccines are a vital tool in combatting the outbreaks of deadly diseases

Data: Statistics from medical organizations such as the CDC show rates at which vaccinations reduce infection.

Warrant: For this, we can bring up the concept of herd immunity and how vaccinations contribute towards it

Backing: Trustworthy Scientific studies can be cited to provide further support of how effective vaccines are

Qualifier: Acknowledge the side effects of vaccines, but point out the low occurance and how they often are not dangerous in contrast to the disease the vaccine in question is combatting

Rebuttal: Address the concerns about the safety of vaccinations by pointing out how all vaccines go through a rigorous approval process prior to being made available to the public

Now there are limitations to the Toulmin Method as well one should take into consideration such as Echo Chambers and information overload.  For the former, we often prefer to surround ourselves with like minded individuals who are more likely to agree with us, which why wouldn't we?  It's easier to discuss things with those who probably hold the same viewpoint.  And for the latter, some of us tend to share too much information, making it sometimes difficult for others to retain information.   

To help navigate these challenges, we should consider taking debates to a more public platform whenever we see opportunity, which means potentially discussing our viewpoints with those who may not agree.  We should participate in debates to get our viewpoints across and patiently hear out the opposition's side as well, even if we 100% disagree with them.  We as a society require constructive discussions as a means of improving communication between one another, especially when it comes to sharing ideas.    

Toulmin Argument - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University